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The 4Rs:
Right Source, Right Rate, Right Time, Right Place
An innovative approach to best management practices (BMPs) for fertilizer is the Right Source, Right Rate, Right Time, Right Place concept. It is also known as 4R nutrient stewardship. It can be applied to managing either crop nutrients in general (including organic sources) or fertilizers in specific. This concept can help farmers and the public understand how the right management practices for fertilizer contribute to sustainability goals for agriculture. In a nutshell, the 4R nutrient stewardship concept involves crop producers and their advisers selecting the right source-rate-time-place combination from practices validated by research conducted by agronomic scientists. Goals for economic, environmental and social progress are set by—and are reflected in performance indicators chosen by—the stakeholders to crop production systems.


Resources:

New Videos from IPNI Feature 4R Nutrient Stewardship

Two new video programs produced by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) and introduced in 2010 are carrying the message of 4R nutrient stewardship to audiences around the world. "The Right Way to Grow...4R Nutrient Stewardship" runs more than 11 minutes and gives an overview of the 4Rs: applying the right fertilizer source at the right rate, at the right time, and in the right place. It explains how the 4Rs can make sense for large-scale agriculture in developed countries and also to small-holder farms in less developed countries. "The Right Way to Grow Wheat...4R Nutrient Stewardship" is a separate video which runs more than 8 minutes and specifically addresses the economic, environmental, and social goals of sustainable agricultural systems needed to meet global demand for wheat.

The videos can be viewed for free by visiting the IPNI website at: http://www.ipni.net/video

Both programs are also available on DVD and can be purchased from IPNI at US$10.00 each, plus shipping.





The International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) has published "The Global '4R' Nutrient Stewardship Framework." This paper describes a global framework designed to facilitate the development of site- and crop-specific fertilizer best management practices (FBMPs) based on sound science. It also defines principles for effective knowledge transfer and the wide adoption of FBMPs by farmers. The principles developed in this paper are universal, but their implementation must be adapted to the local context at different scales.

Download: "The Global '4R' Nutrient Stewardship Framework."



"Know Your Fertilizer Rights" -- A Series of Five Articles

During 2009, a series of articles under the theme of "Know Your Fertilizer Rights" is appearing in Crops & Soils magazine, a publication of the American Society of Agronomy. The articles focus on the concepts behind fertilizer best management practices and increasing understanding of 4R nutrient stewardship. The 4Rs refer to using the right fertilizer source, at the right rate, right time, and right place.

The articles are authored by scientific staff of IPNI in cooperation with university and industry colleagues. The Fertilizer Institute and the Canadian Fertilizer Institute sponsored the series.. The primary audience of the publication is Certified Crop Advisers (CCAs). Each article is board-approved for self-study and is accompanied by a quiz, so CCAs may earn continuing education units (CEUs).

Posted below are PDF files of each of the articles in the series to date. The first article covers the general concept of 4R nutrient stewardship and explains how the "four rights" are linked in achieving fertilizer best management practices. The second article takes a closer look at source considerations, the third covers rate, the fourth has a focus on timing, and the fifth article is on fertilizer placement. To take a closer look, click on each topic to open the file.

Downloads:

Article 1: Know your fertilizer rights

Article 2: Selecting the right source

Article 3: Selecting the right fertilizer rate

Article 4: Selecting the right timing

Article 5: Selecting the right placement


Recommendation Development under 4R Nutrient Stewardship

In this paper presented at the 39th North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference, IPNI Director Dr.Tom Bruulsema discusses the implications of the 4R Nutrient Stewardship for those engaged in developing crop nutrient recommendations and decision support systems.

You can download your copy of the paper here:

Recommendation Development under 4R Nutrient Stewardship.pdf

New 4R Nutrient Stewardship Style Guide

The fertilizer industry, agronomists, consultants, farmers, and policymakers from around the world are starting to recognize the 4Rs as the basis for fertilizer best management practices. The International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), the Canadian Fertilizer Institute (CFI), and The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) have prepared a style guide describing terminology related to the 4R nutrient stewardship concept. The intent is to help those employing 4Rs to be more consistent in the terminology used in nutrient management education and research programs, and the development of policy.

You can download your copy of the guide and an illustrative diagram here:

4R Style Guide.pdf 4Rdiagram.pdf4Rdiagram.pptx

Here you may download 200 and 300 pixel versions for use when a smaller version of the diagram is needed:

IPNI_4R_200px_thumb.png

Know Your Fertilizer Rights-4R Nutrient Stewardship Concept

Dr. Tom Bruulsema, North America Northeast Region Director, presented "Know Your Fertilizer Rights - 4R Nutrient Stewardship Concept" in a webinar sponsored by the American Society of Agronomy, on June 10, 2009.

KnowYourFertilizerRights.pdf




History of the "4Rs"

The 4Rs is a concept developed through a long history of cooperation between the fertilizer industry and the scientific community. Since at least 1988, application of the right nutrient source or product at the right rate, right time and in the right place has been closely associated with agricultural sustainability. This linkage is discussed on page 99 in the following paper from a conference proceedings published by IPNI's predecessor, the Potash & Phosphate Institute, and co-authored by an industry agronomist and a university professor. The other two papers written by IPNI staff for an IFA Workshop in 2007 mark a recent rebirth of this time-tested concept.

Download: Optimum Fertilizer Use with Differing Management Practices and Changing Policies

4Rs_Thorup_Stewart_S8_Symposium.pdf



Download: Can we define a global framework within which fertilizer best management practices can be adapted to local conditions?

Fixen_2007_Global_BMP_Framework.pdf



Download: Right product, right rate, right time and right place … the foundation of best management practices for fertilizer

Roberts_2007_4Rs.pdf




Additional Resources:

Best Management Practices Publications from IPNI: IPNI has produced several BMP publications that incorporate the 4R concept. Included are guides on turf, potatoes, corn, dairy farms, and more.


Download: A Global Framework for Fertilizer BMPs



Concept Paper: A Global Framework for Best Management Practices for Fertilizer Use